Common Unix Commands
| Sysinfo | Display system information i.e cpu, memory, etc |
| Memory and Swap | Information regarding the physical memory and swap area |
| Disks, Filesystems and Devices | Displaying disk information, filesystems |
| Networking | Display and configuring network parameters |
| Crash Dump | Configure, display and use the crash dump utiltities |
| Performance Monitoring and Diagnostics | List, Monitor and trace processes |
| Kernel Modules and Parameters | Displaying, modifying and tuning kernel parameters |
| Services | Display, start and stop services |
| Patching / Packages | Installing and removing patches and software packages |
| Accounts | Setting up and removing user accounts |
| NFS | Information on NFS i.e starting, stopping, etc |
| NTP | Network Time Protocol |
| Log Files | Location to common log files |
| Security | Security information |
| Misc | Other stuff i.e shutdown, timezone, run level, etc |
Solaris
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Red Hat
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Ubuntu/Debian
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HP-UX
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AIX
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| Server Release info | cat /etc/release | cat /etc/enterprise-release cat /etc/redhat-release lsb_release -acat /proc/version | cat /etc/lsb-release lsb_release -a | /stand/kernrel | oslevel -r | Server Release info |
| Server type | /usr/platform/`uname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v | dmidecode | dmidecode | model uname -a | prtconf | grep -i 'System Model' | Server type |
| Hardware Info | prtdiag -v prtpicl -v [-c <class>] prtconf -D | lspci lsusb lshal Note: hal = hardware abstraction layer | lspci lsusb lshal | ioscan ioscan -fun [disk|tape|lan] /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest cat /var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifest.info | lscfg -v lscfg -l ent0 lscfg -vl fcs0 (find the WWN of HBA adapter) lsdev lsdev -Cc disk lsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0 lsslot -c [pci|phb|port] lsslot -c pci -l ent0 lspath -l hdisk0 diag | Hardware Info |
| Operating System | uname -a | uname -a | uname -a | uname -a | oslevel [-r|-s] | Operating System |
| Memory | /usr/platform/`uname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v prtconf | grep -i mem | cat /proc/meminfo (detailed) free -om cat /proc/slabinfo | cat /proc/meminfo (detailed) free -om cat /proc/slabinfo | dmesg | grep -i physical /usr/sam/lbin/getmem /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest cat /var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifest.info | prtconf -m prtconf |grep -i memory lsattr -El sys0 -a realmem bootinfo -r | Memory |
| CPU (type, number, etc) | /usr/platform/`uname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v ## display,offline,online psrinfo psradm -f 0 (offline) psradm -n 0 (online) | cat /proc/cpuinfo (detailed) | cat /proc/cpuinfo (detailed) | /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest sam -> performance monitors -> system properties cat /var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifest.info | prtconf |grep -i processor | CPU (type, number, etc) |
| Disk Drives | format prtvtoc <device> format -e (to convert EFI (zfs) to SMI) Note: EFI - Extensible Firmware Interface SMI - Sun Microsystems Inc | fdisk -l sfdisk -l (advanced server) parted <device> print partprobe -s <device> | fdisk -l sfdisk -l (advanced server) parted <device> print partprobe <device> | ioscan -funC disk | lsdev -Cc disk lsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0 (specific controller) lsdev -Cc disk -S [a|d|s] (available, defined, stopped) lscfg -v -l hdisk0 | Disk Drives |
| Kernel File and associated directories | /kernel/genunix /platform/sparc/kernel /platform/i86pc/kernel /kernel /usr/kernel | /boot/initrd.?????.img /boot/vmlinuz | /boot/initrd.img-?????-server /boot/vmlinuz-????-server | /stand/vmunix | /unix /usr/lib/boot /usr/lib/drivers Note: /unix - symbolic link to kernel file i.e /usr/lib/boot/unix_64 | Kernel File |
| Kernel 32 or 64 | isainfo -kv (solaris 9+) isalist (sparc v9 will be listed first) isainfo -b | uname -a uname -m getconf -a |grep -i 'long_bit' | uname -a uname -m getconf -a |grep -i 'long_bit' | getconf KERNEL_BITS ( version 11) /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest |grep -i 'os mode' HPUX < version 11 all 32 bit Note: determine if system supports 64 bit getconf HW_CPU_SUPP_BITS /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest |grep -i 'hw capability' | prtconf -k bootinfo -K | Kernel 32 or 64 |
| Display Firmware | At the OK prompt type banner | boot into the BIOS (normally F2 or F12) | boot into the BIOS (normally F2 or F12) | workstations: reboot enter PDC type: IN (information menu) type: FV (Firmware Version) | prtconf |grep -i firmware lscfg -pv invscout | Display Firmware |
| Display IRQ, IO ports and DMA | n/a | /proc/interrupts /proc/ioports /proc/dma | /proc/interrupts /proc/ioports /proc/dma | n/a | prtconf | Display IRQ, IO ports and DMA |
| GUI admin tool | admintool | linuxconf | linuxconf | sam | smit smitty | GUI admin tool |
Memory and Swap
Solaris
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Red Hat
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Ubuntu/Debian
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HP
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AIX
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| Memory | /usr/platform/`uname -i`/sbin/prtdiag -v prtconf | grep -i mem | cat /proc/meminfo (detailed) free -om | cat /proc/meminfo (detailed) free -om | dmesg | grep -i physical /usr/sam/lbin/getmem /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest cat /var/opt/ignite/local/manifest/manifest.info | prtconf -m prtconf |grep -i memory lsattr -El sys0 -a realmem bootinfo -r | Memory |
| page size (memory) | /usr/bin/pagesize | /usr/bin/getconf -a| egrep -i 'pagesize|page_size' | /usr/bin/getconf -a| egrep -i 'pagesize|page_size' | dmesg |grep -i physical | pagesize pagesize -a (display all supported pagesizes) | page size (memory) |
| display swap | swap -l swap -s | cat /proc/swaps (detailed) swapon -s | cat /proc/swaps (detailed) swapon -s | swapinfo (displayed in KB) swapinfo -m (display in Mb) swapinfo -tm (total / Mb) | lsps -a (detailed) lsps -s | display swap |
| adding swap | mkfile 5m /var/swapfile swap -a /var/swapfile update /etc/vfstab | device: create partition with fdisk (type 82) file(create 50MB swap file): dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/swapfile bs=1024 count=50000 mkswap <device>|<file> swapon <device>|<file> update /etc/fstab | device: create partition with fdisk (type 82) file(create 50MB swap file): dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/swapfile bs=1024 count=50000 mkswap <device>|<file> swapon <device>|<file> update /etc/fstab | Create logical volume or filesystem swapon <device> | -f <logical device> swapon -p 3 <device> | -f <logical device> update /etc/fstab Note: -p = priority swap number . The nswapdevtunable system parameter controls the maximum number of swap devices. | mkps -a -s 4 -n <volume group> # change the attributes chps -a n paging00 (don't use after restart) # change the logical volume attributes (name in this case) chlv -n <new name> <old old> (chang page space name) Note: -a reconfigure paging space after restart -s size of the page space (logical partitions) -n activiates the paging space (use swapoff to deactivate) also see /etc/swapspaces file | adding swap |
| removing swap | update /etc/vfstab swap -d | swapoff <device>|<file> Remove device or file as normal | swapoff <device>|<file> Remove device or file as normal | remove entry from /etc/fstab reboot | swapoff /dev/paging00 rmps paging00 Note: paging space must be deactiviated before removing | removing swap |
Solaris
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Red Hat
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Ubuntu/Debian
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HP
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AIX
| ||
| Disk Drives | format prtvtoc <device> format -e (to convert EFI (zfs) to SMI) Note: EFI - Extensible Firmware Interface SMI - Sun Microsystems Inc | fdisk -l sfdisk -l (advanced server) parted <device> print partprobe <device> | fdisk -l sfdisk -l (advanced server) parted <device> print partprobe <device> | ioscan -funC disk | lsdev -Cc disk lsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0 (specific controller) lsdev -Cc disk -S [a|d|s] (available, defined,stopped) lscfg -v -l hdisk0 | Disk Drives |
| Disk serial Number, type, etc | format iostat -En luxadm inq <disk> (A5x00 disk arrays) | hdparm -i /dev/hda hdparm -I /dev/hda (detailed) hdparm -Tt /dev/hda (speed test) sdparm -i /dev/sdb cat /proc/ide/ide0/hda/model cat /proc/scsi/scsi | hdparm -i /dev/hda hdparm -I /dev/hda (detailed) haparm -Tt /dev/hda (speed test) sdparm -i /dev/sdb cat /proc/ide/ide0/hda/model cat /proc/scsi/scsi | diskinfo -v /dev/rdsk/c0t4d0 (detailed but no serial number) /opt/ignite/bin/print_manifest (no serial number) ## Insure that the online diagnostic support tools have been installed swlist -l bundle | grep 'Support Tools' ## Command-Line Support Tools Manager (cstm) ## The run cstm cstm cstm> map cstm> sel dev 4 (select the disk of you choice) cstm> info cstm> il (obtain the serial number) cstm> quit | lscfg -vl hdisk0 lscfg -vl hdisk* | Disk serial Number, type, etc |
| Disk disk partitions | prtvtoc <device> cat /etc/vfstab | fdisk -l sfdisk -l (advanced server) cat /proc/partitions (very high level) cat /etc/fstab | fdisk -l sfdisk -l (advanced server) cat /proc/partitions (very high level) cat /etc/fstab | lvlnboot -v /dev/vg00 lifls -Clv <device> # Display the LIF contents lifcp /dev/dsk/c0t6d0:AUTO - cat /etc/fstab Note: Boot programs are stored in the boot area in Logical Interchange Format (LIF), which is similar to a file system. For a device to be bootable, the LIF volume on that device must contain at least the ISL (the initial system loader) and HPUX (the HP-UX bootstrap utility) LIF files. ISL is like GRUB. | lsvg -l rootvg lchangelv cat /etc/filesystems | Disk disk partitions |
| List Raw Partitions | use format to partition the disk then just use the slice as a raw partition, remember to use the character device | ## Old way /etc/sysconfig/rawdevices service rawdevices start chkconfig rawdevices on ## New way, Edit below file /etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules udevinfo -d or udevadm ## Display raw partitions raw -qa | mknod /dev/rawctl c 162 0 mknod /dev/raw/raw0 c 162 1 mknod /dev/raw/raw1 c 162 2 ln -s /dev/rawctl /dev/raw/rawctl ## map raw devices to the disk raw /dev/raw/raw1 /dev/sdb1 ## display raw devices raw -qa | Just create a new LVOL without a filesystem - that's it. | Just create a new LVOL without a filesystem # create a raw volume mklv -y rawVolume vg01 10 | List Raw Partitions |
| Filesystem commands | df -k df -h | df -k df -h | df -k df -h | bdf df [-egiklnvfb] | df -k lsfs [<filesystem>] lsfs -q <filesystem> (detailed) | Filesystem commands |
| Filesystem (create|remove) | newfs -v <raw device> # Display how the filesystem was created newfs -Nv <filesystem> | mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 | mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 | newfs -F vxfs -o largefiles /dev/vg01/rlvol1 mkfs -F vxfs -o largefiles /dev/vg01/rlvol1 Note: mkfs and newfs are a pointer to /sbin/fs_wrapper | crfs -v jfs2 -d data02lv -m /data02 -A yes -v filesystem type -d device or logical volume -m mountpoint -A mount after restart [yes|no] rmfs -ri /data02 -r remove the mountpoint -i display warning before removing chfs -a size=+1G /var (grow by additional 1GB) chfs -a size=1G /var (grow to 1GB in size) | Filesystem (create|remove|resize) |
| Tune Filesystems | tunefs fstyp -v <device> |grep -i minfree | tune2fs tune2fs -l /dev/sda1 # change reserved blocks percentage to 1% tune2fs -m 1 /dev/sda1 | tune2fs tune2fs -l /dev/sda1 # change reserved blocks percentage to 1% tune2fs -m 1 /dev/sda1 | tunefs -v <filesystem> vxtunefs -v <filesystem> fstyp -v <filesystem> # Disk fragmentation fsadm -F vxfs -E / (report) fsadm -F vxfs -e / (defrag) | chfs Note: you can perform the following resize freeze change mountpoint permissions lots more.............................. | Tune Filesystems |
| Force fsck | # Check to see filesystem needs checking fstyp -v <filesystem> | grep fsclean | touch /forcefsck shutdown -Fr now tune2fs -l /dev/sdb<?> |grep -i 'filesystem state' | touch /forcefsck shutdown -r now tune2fs -l /dev/sdb<?> |grep -i 'filesystem state' # edit /etc/default/rcS change below so # you dont have to hang around FSCKFIX=yes | # Look at the second line to see if a filesystem # needs checking tunefs -v <filesystem> | n/a | Force fsck |
| backup filesystem | ufsdump|ufsrestore tar dd cpio | dump/restore tar dd cpio | dump/restore tar dd cpio | fbackup/frecover dump/restore ftio tar dd cpio | backup|restore tar dd cpio | backup filesystem |
| Display the boot device | eeprom |grep boot-device prtconf -pv |grep bootpath prtpicl -v|grep ':bootpath' | cat /boot/grub/grub.conf cat /etc/lilo.conf grub = grand unified boot loader lilo = linux loader | cat /boot/grub/menu.lst | setboot | bootinfo -b (display last boot device) bootlist -m [normal|service] -o (display bootable devices) | Display the boot device |
| Setting the boot device | setenv boot-device [<device>|<alias>] eeprom boot-device [<device>|<alias>] | /boot/grub/grub.conf /etc/lilo.conf | /boot/grub/menu.lst | setboot -p <primary path> setboot -a <alternate path> # autoboot sequnce setboot -b [on|off] | bootlist -m normal hdisk0 hdisk1 | Setting the boot device |
| Creating boot device (MBR) | installboot /usr/platform/`uname -i`/lib/fs/ufs/bootblk <raw-device> | grub-install <raw-device> lilo -v | grub-install <raw-device> | mkboot -l <device> Note: we are treating the disk as a LVM device | bosboot -a (uses default device) bosboot -ad hdisk1 | Creating boot device (MBR) |
| Format floppy drive | fdformat -v -U volcheck -v newfs -v /vol/disk/aliases/floppy0 | floppy --probe (use device obtained below ) floppy --createrc > /etc/fd0 floppy --format /dev/fd0 mkfs /dev/fd0 | n/a | n/a | format -d /dev/rfd0 format -d /dev/fd0.18 (high format) | Format floppy drive |
| mount/unmount floppy | volrmmount -l floppy0 eject floppy | mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy umount /mnt/floppy | n/a | n/a | mount /dev/rfd0 /floppy | mount/unmount floppy |
| mount/unmount CDROM | mount -F hsfs -o ro <device path> /cdrom/cdrom0 umount /cdrom/cdrom0 /etc/init.d/volmgr start eject cdrom | mount -rt iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom umount /mnt/cdrom eject cdrom | mount -rt iso9660 /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom umount /mnt/cdrom eject cdrom | mount -rF cdfs /dev/dsk/c1t6d0 /cdrom start: /usr/sbin/pps_mountd pps_mount | mount -v cdrfs -r /dev/cd0 /cdrom umount /cdrom | mount/unmount CDROM |
| remount a filesystem | n/a | mount -o remount,rw / | mount -o remount,rw / | mount_vxfs -o remount,ro <filesystem> | mount -o remount,rw <filesystem> Note:I did find a note that it should be possible to remount a jfs2 filesystem, but it did not work on my system | remount a filesystem |
| create boot disk or recovery tape | n/a | mkbootdisk `uname -r` (boot diskette) | n/a | recovery tape (preview) make_tape_recovery -v -l -x inc_entire=vg00 /opt/ignite/bin/make_recovery -ACv | mksysb | create boot disk or recovery tape |
| boot cdrom/diskette (single user) | ok> boot cdrom -s | using the grub window append the word singleto the kernel line | using the grub window append the word singleto the kernel line | enter PDC > search >boot p1 (cdrom) interact with IPL? Y ISL> hpux -is | based on a 9114-275 workstation
| boot cdrom/diskette (single user) |
| boot into maintenace mode | ok> boot -as | f10 or f12 | f10 or f12 | >boot pri interact with IPL? Y ISL> hpux -lm | based on a 9114-275 workstation
| boot into maintenace mode |
| Device paths | floppy:disk: /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0 tape: /dev/rmt/0ucb cdrom: /dev/dsk/c0t6d0s0 /dev/scd0 (external usb cd) |
floppy:
/dev/fd0 disk: /dev/hda or /dev/sda /dev/hdb or /dev/sdb tape: cdrom: /dev/hda (depends on number of IDE disks) | floppy: /dev/fd0 disk: /dev/hda or /dev/sda /dev/hdb or /dev/sdb tape: cdrom: /dev/hda (depends on number of IDE disks) | floppy: n/a disk: /dev/dsk/c0t6d0 tape: /dev/dsk/rmt/0 cdrom: /dev/dsk/c1t6d0 | floppy: /dev/fd0 /dev/rfd0 disk: /dev/hdisk0 tape: cdrom: /dev/cd0 | Device paths |
| update /dev directory | drvconfig devlinks disks|tapes|ports devfsadm ( solaris 8, 9, 10) | /dev/MAKEDEV <device> | /dev/MAKEDEV <device> | insf -C tape (Class) insf -H 0.1.0 -e (recreate deleted link) | cfgmgr cfgmgr -l scsi0 mkdev | update /dev directory |
| remove or change a device | rem_drv | # remove all devices from a hardward path rmsf -k -H 52.6.0 | rmdev rmdev -l cd0 chdev chdev -l rmt0 -a ret=no | remove or change a device | ||
| list device drivers | prtconf -D sysdef | cat /proc/devices | cat /proc/devices | lsdev | lsdev lsdev -Cc disk lsdev -Cc disk -p scsi0 lsslot -c pci -l ent0 lscfg lscfg -l ent0 lscfg -vl fcs0 (find the WWN of HBA adapter) lspath -l hdisk0 getconf DISK_SIZE hdisk1 (detailed) | list device drivers |
Solaris
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Red Hat
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Ubuntu/Debian
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HP
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AIX
| ||
| Basic network information (hostname, ip address) | /etc/hostname.hme0 | /etc/sysconfig/network /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 | /etc/network/interfaces | /etc/rc.config.d/netconf | stores information in the ODM (Object Database Manager) | Basic network information (hostname, ip address) |
| displaying network interfaces | prtdiag -v ifconfig -a kstat hme:0 kstat e1000g:0 | ifconfig system-config-network (GUI) | ifconfig | ioscan -funC lan (list hardware) lanscan -v (list configured) ifconfig lan0 (individual) | ifconfig -a entstat -d <interface> lsdev -Cc if lsdev -Cc tcpip odmget -q "name=en0" CuAt lsattr -EHl en0 | displaying network interfaces |
| Configure network interface | ifconfig | ifconfig | ifconfig | ifconfig <interface> | mktcpip (completely setup a network interface) rmtcpip (remove all network interfaces) # configure an interface mktcpip -h aix1 -a 192.168.1.200 -m 255.255.255.0 -i en1 -g 192.168.0.10 -h - hostname assigned to interface -a - ip address -m - netmask -i - interface name -g - gateway ip address # remove an interface ifconfig en1 detach ifconfig (configures IP address) chdev (add aliases to network interface) | Configure network interface |
| Starting and stopping a network interface | ifconfig qfe0 up ifconfig qfe0 down | /sbin/ifup eth0 /sbin/ifdown eth0 | /sbin/ifup eth0 /sbin/ifdown eth0 | ifconfig lan0 up ifconfig lan0 down note: there is no "ifconfig -a" in hpux use lanscan then "ifconfig <interface>" | ifconfig en0 up ifconfig en0 down ifconfig en0 detach (remove) | Starting and stopping a network interface |
| Setting NIC speed | ndd -set <device> <parm> <value> (dynamically) /etc/system (edit and update then reboot - permanent) | mii-tool -F 100baseTx-FD eth0 ethtool -s eth1 speed 100 duplex full | ethtool -s eth1 speed 100 duplex full | ndd -set <device> <parm> <value> lanadmin -X <option> lan0 | chdev -l ent0 -a media_speed=1000_Full_Duplex -P chdev -l ent0 -a media_speed=Auto_Negotiation -P Note: entX - physical device enX - frame type run on entX | Setting NIC speed |
| Change NIC parameters | ndd -get <device> <parm> # List parameters ndd -get /dev/hme \? ndd -get /dev/e1000g0 \? ndd -get /dev/ip \? ndd -get /dev/tcp \? | mii-tool -v ethtool eth1 ethtool -t eth0 online sysctl -a | grep net* | ethtool eth0 sysctl -a |grep net* | lanadmin -> lan -> display ## options supported ndd -get /dev/ip ? ndd -get /dev/tcp ? ndd -get /dev/arp ? ndd -get /dev/udp ? | netstat -v entstat -d <interface> no -a no -o "ipforwarding=1" | NIC speeds or Parameters |
| Display NIC statistics | netstat -i [-I interface] netstat -s | netstat -i [-f inet] netstat -s entstat -d <interface> | Display network statistics | |||
| display MAC address | ifconfig -a (as user root) | ifconfig system-config-network (GUI) | ifconfig | lanscan | netstat -ia | display MAC address |
| Displaying network packets | snoop -d <interface> | tcpdump -i <interface> ethereal (needs to be installed) | tcpdump -i <interface> ethereal (needs to be installed) | nettl -start nettl -status all nettl -tn pduin pduout -e ns_ls_driver -file /var/adm/LAN nettl -stop use netfmt to display the trace file | tcpdump -i <interface> iptrace -i <interface> <output file> ipreport (used with iptrace to view reports) Note: you must stop the iptrace by using "kill -15" | Displaying network packets |
| default router | /etc/defaultrouter route add default <gteway> | edit /etc/sysconfig/network add: GATEWAY=<IP address> | edit /etc/network/interfaces add: gateway <IP address> | /etc/rc.config.d/netconf | route add 0 <gateway IP address> Note: there is no file that holds the default router | default router |
| display routing table | netstat -rn | netstat -rn route -n | netstat -rn route -n | netstat -rn | netstat -rn netstat -r -f inet lsattr -EHl inet0 -a route | display routing table |
| Test IPMP, Bonding | if_mpadm -d (detach) if_mpadm -r (reattach) tail /var/adm/messages | ifenslave -d bond0 eth1 (detach) ifenslave bond0 eth1 (reattach) cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0 | ifenslave -d bond0 eth1 (detach) ifenslave bond0 eth1 (reattach) cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0 | You buy an optional product called Auto-Port Aggragation. | smitty etherchannel (creates, deletes and tests) entstat -d ent0 | Test IPMP, Bonding |
| change the hostname | change the following files: /etc/nodename /etc/hostname.<interface> /etc/inet/hosts /etc/inet/ipnodes /etc/net - few files in here as well | /etc/sysconfig/network /etc/hosts sysctl -a |grep hostname | /etc/hostname /etc/hosts sysctl -a |grep hostname | set_parms hostname (requires reboot) | hostname <new hostname> chdev -l inet0 -a hostname=<hostname> | change the hostname |
| setup DNS | /etc/resolv.conf | /etc/resolv.conf | /etc/resolv.conf | /etc/resolv.conf | /etc/resolv.conf | setup DNS |
| Name service switch file (DNS client) | /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/resolv.conf | /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/host.conf /etc/resolv.conf | /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/host.conf /etc/resolv.conf | /etc/nsswitch.conf /etc/resolv.conf | /etc/netsvc.conf /etc/resolv.conf /etc/irs.conf (may not be there) chnamsv (change name service) rmnamsv (remove a name service) lsnamsv -C (list name services) | Name service switch file (DNS client) |
| Flush DNS cache | svcadm restart system/name-service-cache:default | ## if installed service nscd restart | n/a | netcdctrl -t dns -e hosts -f | Flush DNS cache | |
| Domain Name | /etc/defaultdomain | /etc/sysconfig/network (HOSTNAME option) /etc/resolv.conf Note: for NIS use the NISDOMAIN option | /etc/host /etc/resolv.conf | /etc/rc.config.d/netconf | domainname <domainname> | Domain Name |
| Obtain IP Address routing | route -n get <hostname> traceroute | ip route get <IP address> traceroute | ip route get <IP address> traceroute | n/a | route -n get <hostname> | Obtain IP Address routing |
| Find Services on the network | Boot (jumpstart) servers: rpcinfo -b bootparam 1 NFS servers: rpcinfo -b mountd 1 NIS servers/slaves: rpcinfo -b ypserv 1 | Boot (jumpstart) servers: rpcinfo -b bootparam 1 NFS servers: rpcinfo -b mountd 1 NIS servers/slaves: rpcinfo -u <yp server> ypserv | Boot (jumpstart) servers: rpcinfo -b bootparam 1 NFS servers: rpcinfo -b mountd 1 NIS servers/slaves: rpcinfo -u <yp server> ypserv | Boot (jumpstart) servers: rpcinfo -b bootparam 1 NFS servers: rpcinfo -b mountd 1 NIS servers/slaves: rpcinfo -b ypserv 1 | Boot (jumpstart) servers: rpcinfo -b bootparam 1 NFS servers: rpcinfo -b mountd 1 NIS servers/slaves: rpcinfo -b ypserv 1 | Find Services on the network |
Solaris
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Red Hat
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Ubuntu/Debian
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HP
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AIX
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| Crash Dump | dumpadm -d <device> crash (used to analyse crash dumps) adb (used to analyse crash dumps) | diskdump netdump kdump (part of kexec rpm) /etc/kdump.conf (select where you want the dump to go) service kdump start chkconfig kdump on ## to crash the system echo "c" > /proc/sysrq-trigger crash (used to analyse crash dumps) | diskdump netdump kdump (part of kexec rpm) /etc/kdump.conf (select where you want the dump to go) service kdump start chkconfig kdump on ## to crash the system echo "c" > /proc/sysrq-trigger crash (used to analyse crash dumps) | edit /stand/system add either: dump 2/0/1.5.0 dump lvol dump none # crash config file /etc/rc.config.d/savecrash | sysdumpdev -l (list dump destination) sysdumpdev -e (estimates dumpsize) sysdumpdev -L (info) sysdumpstart -p (start dump primary) sysdumpstart -s (start dump secondary) # set the dump device permanently sysdumpdev -p <dump device> -P # analyse dump file echo "stat\n status\n t -m" | crash /var/adm/ras/vmcore.0 |
Crash Dump
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Solaris
|
Red Hat
|
Ubuntu/Debian
|
HP
|
AIX
| ||
| CPU | top (sunfreeware) prstat sar mpstat w (load average) uptime (load average) ps vmstat | top sar mpstat w (load average) uptime (load average) ps vmstat procinfo oprofile cat /proc/cpuinfo | top sar mpstat w (load average) uptime (load average) ps vmstat procinfo cat /proc/cpuinfo | top sar w (load average) uptime (load average) ps vmstat glance sam | topas -P topas -L (logical partitions) mpstat sar -c w (load average) uptime (load average) lparstat ps iostat -tT 1 tprof curt |
CPU
|
| Memory | prstat vmstat top sar | free vmstat top procinfo slabtop sar cat /proc/meminfo | free vmstat top procinfo slabtop sar cat /proc/meminfo | top vmstat sar sam glance | topas vmstat sar -b svmon ps ipcs -a lockstat (version 4) rmss |
Memory
|
| Network I/O | ndd netstat lsof snoop route | ethtool mii-tool netstat lsof tcpdump ip iptraf | ethtool mii-tool netstat lsof tcpdump ip iptraf | netstat lanadmin sam glance | [ent|tok|fddi|atm]stat netstat netpmon (trcstop to stop trace) |
Network I/O
|
| Disk I/O | sar -d iostat vmstat lsof | sar -d iostat vmstat lsof | sar -d iostat vmstat lsof | iostat sar sam glance | topas -D (disk) topas -F (filesystem) iostat sar -D fcstat (fibre) lvmstat filemon (trcstop to stop) fileplace # disk stat history chdev -l sys0 -a iostat=true lsattr -HEl sys0 -a iostat |
Disk I/O
|
| Application | truss -p <pid> | strace -p <pid> | strace -p <pid> | download and install tusctusc -p <pid> | topas truss sar probevue tprof svmon -P <pid> |
Application
|
| NFS | nfsstat | nfsstat | nfsstat | nfsstat | nfsstat |
NFS
|
Solaris
|
Red Hat
|
Ubuntu/Debian
|
HP
|
AIX
| ||
| display loaded modules | modinfo | cat /proc/modules (more detailed) lsmodLocation: /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers Config: /etc/modprobe.conf /etc/modprobe.d | cat /proc/modules (more detailed) lsmodLocation: /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers Config: /etc/modprobe.d/options /etc/modprobe.d | kmadmin -k | genkex | display loaded modules |
| load modules | modload -p drv/<module name> | modprobe <module> insmod | modprobe <module> insmod | kmadmin -L <module name> | n/a | load modules |
| unload modules | modunload -i <module number> | modprobe -r <module> rmmod | modprobe -r <module> rmmod | kmadmin -U <module name> kmadmin -u <module id> | n/a | unload modules |
| set kernel parameters (tuning) | /etc/system (edit and reboot) | /etc/sysctl.conf (edit and update then reboot) sysctl -p <filename>sysctl -w param=value No reboot (dynamically): echo "250 32000 100 28" > /proc/sys/kernel/sem echo "536870912" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax echo "4096" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni echo "2097152" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmall etc............................................. | /etc/sysctl.conf (edit and update then reboot) sysctl -p <filename>sysctl -w param=value No reboot (dynamically): echo "250 32000 100 28" > /proc/sys/kernel/sem echo "536870912" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax echo "4096" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni echo "2097152" > /proc/sys/kernel/shmall etc............................................. | kcweb (11i) kctune (11i only) rebuild kernel (< 11i see below) | chdev -l sys0 -a <parameter>=<value> no -a (network) vmo -a (virtual memory) nfso -a (NFS) ioo -a (Input/Ouput) raso -a (reliability, availability, serviceability) schedo -a (processor scheduler) vi /etc/security/limits cd /etc/tunables tunchange, tundefault, tunsave, tunrestore, tuncheck Note: most parameters are dynamically changed in AIX , for example memory segments are dynamically adjusted | set kernel parameters |
| display kernel parameters | cat /etc/system sysdef -i | sysctl -a cat /etc/sysctl.conf cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax etc................................... | sysctl -a cat /etc/sysctl.conf cat /proc/sys/kernel/sem cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax etc................................... | kctune (11i only) sysdef kmtune kmsystem /usr/sam/lbin/getkinfo -f /stand/vmunix -o /tmp/kernel.data | lsattr -EHl sys0 Note: only a few kernel parameters can be changed | display kernel parameters |
| build kernel | edit and update file then reboot: /etc/system | cd /usr/src/linux-2.5 edit Makefile (change EXTRAVERSION) make mrproper backup .config make xconfig make dep make bzImage make modules move new kernel make modules_install change lilo/grub config file reboot | cd /stand/build /usr/lbin/sysadm/system_prep -v -s system edit system file /usr/sbin/mk_kernel -s ./system mv /stand/system /stand/system.old mv /stand/vmunix /stand/vmunix.old mv /stand/build/system /stand mv /stand/build/vmunix_test /stand/vmunix reboot | chdev -l sys0 -a <parameter>=<value> Note: most parameters are dynamically changed in AIX , for example memory segments are dynamically adjusted | build kernel | |
| interprocess communication | ipcs -a | ipcs -a | ipcs -a | ipcs -a | ipcs -a | interprocess communication |
Solaris 10
|
Red Hat
|
Ubuntu/Debian
|
HP
|
AIX
| ||
| display services | svcs -a inetadm -l | service --status-all | There is no services or chkconfig command use the old fashioned way /etc/init.d/<service> | There is no services or chkconfig command use the old fashioned way /sbin/init.d/<service> | lssrc -a | display services |
| start services | svcadm enable nfs | service nfs start | startsrc -s <subsystem> startsrc -g <group> | start services | ||
| stop services | svcadm disable nfs | service nfs stop | stopsrc -s <subsystem> stopsrc -g <group> | stop services | ||
| reload service | svcadm refresh nfs | service nfs reload | refresh -s <subsystem> | reload service | ||
| restart service | svcadm restart nfs | service nfs restart | stopsrc -s <subsystem> startsrc -s <subsystem> | restart service | ||
| service status | svcs nfs | service nfs staus | lssrc -a | service status | ||
| service dependencies | svcs -d network | n/a | n/a | service dependencies | ||
| service dependants | svcs -D network | n/a | n/a | service dependants | ||
| service logging, etc | /var/svc/log /var/svc/manifest /lib/svc/method | n/a | /var/adm/ras /etc/syslog.conf /etc/rc.tcpip | service logging, etc | ||
| change service startup | n/a | chkconfig --levels 2345 nfs on | n/a | change service startup | ||
| Add a new service | n/a | # Create your stop/start # script in /etc/init.d chkconfig --add <script> |
Solaris
|
Red Hat
|
Ubuntu/Debian
|
HP
|
AIX
| ||
| display installed patches | showrev -p patchadd -p | swlist -l bundle swlist -l product swlist -l patch | instfix -ia | display installed patches | ||
| adding patch | patchadd patchadd -M <dir> (multiple patches) | patch -p1 <patch> zcat patch46.gz | patch -p1 Note: -p = # of path stripping | swcopy (install patch into depot) swinstall (install patch from depot) Note: the swagentd daemon must be running | instfix -k | adding patch | |
| removing patch | patchrm | patch -R -p1 <patch> | swremove | installp -r | removing patch | |
| display installed packages | pkginfo (all packages) pkginfo -l (single package) pkgchk -l -p <file> (file belongs) | rpm -qa (all packages) rpm -q (single package) rpm -qf (file belongs) rpm -qi <package> (very detailed) | dpkg -l dpkg -S <search string> (search) dpkg -S <filename> (file belongs) dpkg -s <package> (status) dpkg -p <package> (detailed) | swlist -l bundle <bundle> swlist -l product <product> ## check a package swlist -s <full_path/software> | lslpp -L all (all filesets) lslpp -L <package> (single fileset) lslpp -w <file> (file belongs) lslpp -ha (history of filesets) rpm -qa (all packages) rpm -q (single package) rpm -qf (file belongs) rpm -qi <package> (very detailed) oslevel -g (install packkages above os level) whereis <filename> which_fileset <filename> | display installed packages |
| adding package | pkgadd | rpm -Uhv (updates/installs if not already) rpm -ihv (install) | dpkg -i <package> | swinstall swinstall -s <full_path/software> | installp -a installp -c (cleanup after failed install) rpm -i geninstall (generic installer: installp, RPM, etc) | adding package |
| removing packages | pkgrm | rpm -e <package> | dpkg -r <package> (do not remove config files) dpkg -P <package> (remove config files) | swremove | installp -u (commited packages) installp -r (applied packages) rpm -e <package> geninstall -u <package> | removing packages |
| verify package | pkginfo -l pkginfo -p | rpm -V <package> | n/a | swverity <fileset> (see /var/adm/sw/swagent.log) | lppchk -v rpm -V <package> | verify package |
| List files in package | pkgchk -l <package> | grep -i pathname | rpm -ql <package> | dpkg -L <package> (list files) | swlist -l file <product> | lslpp -f <fileset> rpm -ql <package> | List files in package |
| Package directory | /var/sadm | /var/lib/rpm | /var/lib/dpkg/info | /var/adm/sw | /usr/lpp /var/lib/rpm | Package directory |
| List libraries required for binary program | ldd <file> | ldd <file> | ldd <file> | chatr <file> | ldd <file> | List libraries required for binary program |
Solaris
|
Red Hat
|
Ubuntu/Debian
|
HP
|
AIX
| ||
| display users | cat /etc/passwd logins -x | cat /etc/passwd system-config-users (GUI) | cat /etc/passwd | cat /etc/passwd logins -x | cat /etc/passwd lsuser -f ALL (detailed) | display users |
| create a user | useradd | useradd system-config-users (GUI) | useradd | useradd sam | mkuser useradd | create a user |
| remove a user | userdel | userdel system-config-users (GUI) | userdel | userdel sam | rmuser userdel | remove a user |
| modify a user | usermod | usermod system-config-users (GUI) | usermod | usermod sam | chuser -a usermod passwd -f passwd -s chfn <username> chfn <username><shell> | modify a user |
| change user password | passwd | passwd | passwd | passwd | passwd pwdadm pwdck -t ALL | change user password |
| create a group | groupadd | groupadd | groupadd | groupadd | mkgroup <group name> | create a group |
| remove a group | groupdel | groupdel | groupdel | groupdel | rmgroup <group name> | remove a group |
| modify a goup | groupmod | groupmod | groupmod | groupmod | chgroup <attribute><group name> | modify a goup |
| password files | /etc/passwd /etc/shadow | /etc/passwd /etc/shadow | /etc/passwd /etc/shadow | /etc/passwd /tcb/files/auth/r/root (trusted system) | /etc/security/passwd | password files |
| useful user commands | id -a whoami who w finger | id -a whoami who w finger | id -a whoami who w finger | id whoami who w uptime (displays # of users logged in) finger | id whoami who w uptime (displays # of users logged in) finger # License information lslicense chlicense # Maximum number of processes for a user lsattr -D -l sys0 -a maxuproc chdev -l sys0 -a maxuproc=<number> | useful user commands |
| useful group commands | groups setpgrp newgrp | groups | groups | groups setprivgrp | groups setgroups lsgroup ALL | useful group commands |
Solaris
|
Red Hat
|
Ubuntu/Debian
|
HP
|
AIX
| ||
| NFS Daemons | server: mountd, nfsd client: statd, lockd | server: rpc.mountd,nfsd client: rpc.statd, lockd | server: rpc.mountd,nfsd client: rpc.statd, lockd | server: rpc.mountd, nfsd client: rpc.statd, lockd | server: rpc.mountd, nfsd client: rpc.statd, rpc.lockd | NFS Daemons |
| NFS files | /etc/dfs/dfstab /etc/dfs/sharetab /etc/rmtab | /etc/exports /var/lib/nfs/etab /var/lib/nfs/xtab | /etc/exports /var/lib/nfs/etab /var/lib/nfs/xtab | /etc/exports /etc/xtab | /etc/exports /etc/xtab | NFS files |
| List nfs clients that have a remote mount | /etc/rmtab | /var/lib/nfs/rmtab | /var/lib/nfs/rmtab | /etc/rmtab | /etc/xtab | List nfs clients that have a remote mount |
| display nfs shares | dfshares showmount -e localhost | showmount -e localhost | showmount -e localhost | showmount -e localhost | exportfs showmount -e localhost | display nfs shares |
| create nfs share | /etc/dfs/dfstab (edit and add share) share <path> ## dfstab example share -F nfs -d "jumpstart" /export/jumpstart | redhat-config-nfs (GUI) /etc/exports (edit and add share) /sbin/service nfs reload ## /etc/exports example /export *(rw,fsid=0,insecure,no_root_squash,sync) | /etc/exports (edit and add share, see below example) exportfs -rav (export the shares) /etc/init.d/portmap restart /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart ## /etc/exports example /export *(rw,fsid=0,insecure,no_root_squash,sync) | /etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf (edit) /etc/exports (edit and add share) exportfs -a | mknfsexp -d <directory> mknfsmnt shareall | create nfs share |
| uncreate nfs share | unshare <path> /etc/dfs/dfstab (edit and remove share) | /etc/exports (edit and remove share) /sbin/service nfs reload | /etc/exports (edit and remove share) exportfs -rav (export the shares) | /etc/rc.config.d/nfsconf (edit) exportfs -au (unshare all) exportfs -u /home/vallep /etc/exports (edit and remove share) | rmnfsexp -d <directory> (unshares and removes from file) exportfs -u <filesystem> unshareall | uncreate nfs share |
| start/change nfs daemons | /etc/init.d/nfs.server start /etc/init.d/nfs.client start svcadm enable nfs/server svcadm disable nfs/server | /sbin/service nfs start | /etc/init.d/portmap start /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server start | /sbin/init.d/nfs.core start /sbin/init.d/nfs.server start /sbin/init.d/nfs.client start | mknfs chnfs startsrc -s nfsd startsrc -s rpc.mountd | start/change nfs daemons |
| stop nfs daemons | /etc/init.d/nfs.server stop /etc/init.d/nfs.client stop | /sbin/service nfs stop | /etc/init.d/portmap stop /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server stop | /sbin/init.d/nfs.client stop /sbin/init.d/nfs.server stop /sbin/init.d/nfs.core stop | rmnfs stopsrc -s nfsd stopsrc -s rpc.mountd | stop nfs daemons |
| nfs status | ps -ef|grep < nfs daemons> | /sbin/service nfs status | /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server status | ps -ef | grep <nfs daemons> | lssrc -a |grep -i nfs | nfs status |
| nfs reload | shareall | /sbin/service nfs reload | exportfs -rav (export the shares) | exportfs -a | exportfs -av | nfs reload |
| nfs performanace | nfsstat | nfsstat | nfsstat | nfsstat | nfsstat | nfs performanace |
| nfs Options | n/a | cat /var/lib/nfs/etab | cat /var/lib/nfs/etab | n/a | nfso -a nfso -o <option>=<value> exportfs (display options) | nfs Options |
| solaris/redhat mount problems (nfs v3 to v4) | ## Make sure you use NFS version 3 mount -F nfs -o vers=3 <mount> <mountpoint> | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a | solaris/redhat mount problems (nfs v3 to v4) |
Solaris
|
Red Hat
|
Ubuntu/Debian
|
HP
|
AIX
| ||
| Time daemons | xntpd | ntpd | ntpd | xntpd | xntpd | Time daemons |
| ntp setup | # Solaris 8 /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.server /etc/ntp.client /etc/rc2.d/xntpd [start|stop] # Solaris 10 /etc/inet/ntp.server /etc/inet/ntp.client svcadm enable ntpd | /etc/ntp.conf (edit with ntp servers) dateconfig (GUI) chkconfig --list ntpd chkconfig --level 2345 ntpd on /sbin/service ntpd start | /etc/default/ntp /etc/ntp.conf /etc/init.d/ntp [start|stop|restart] | /etc/rc.config.d/netdaemons (set XNTPD to 1) /etc/ntp.conf | /etc/ntp.conf startsrc -s xntpd stopsrc -s xntpd lslpp -L all|grep xntpd | ntp setup |
| ntp daemon options | /lib/svc/method/xntp | /etc/sysconfig/ntpd | /etc/default/ntp | /etc/rc.config.d/netdaemons | startsrc -s xntpd -a "-x" /etc/rc.tcpip | ntp daemon options |
| NTP Trace commands | ntpq -p ntptrace | ntpq -p ntptrace | ntpq -p ntptrace | ntpq -p ntpdate (set the date) | ntpq -p ntptrace ntpdate | NTP Trace commands |
Solaris
|
Red Hat
|
Ubuntu/Debian
|
HP
|
AIX
| ||
| messages | /var/adm/messages | /var/log/messages | /var/log/messages | /var/adm/syslog/syslog.log | /var/adm/ras |
messages
|
| syslog | /var/log/syslog | /var/log/syslog | /var/log/syslog | /var/adm/syslog/syslog.log | /var/adm/ras |
syslog
|
| /var/log/mail | /var/log/mail.* | /var/adm/syslog/mail.log | /usr/spool/mqueue/syslog |
mail
| ||
| cron | /var/cron/log | /var/log/cron | /var/log/cron.log | /var/adm/cron/log | /var/adm/cron/log |
cron
|
| boot | /var/adm/messages dmesg | /var/log/boot dmesg | /var/log/boot dmesg | /var/adm/syslog/syslog.log dmesg | /var/adm/ras alog -o -t boot alog -o -t console alog -L (list all the logs available) |
boot
|
| Error logging | logger | logger | logger | logger | /usr/lib/errdemon -l (display attributes) /usr/lib/errdemon (start error logging) /usr/lib/errstop (stop error logging) # use with above errorlog file errpt (summary errorlog report) errpt -a (detailed errorlog report) errpt -j <identifier> (single errorlog report) errclear (clears errorlog) errclear -d <class><days> (clears class errors) errlogger "message upto 230 chars" | Error logging |
Solaris
|
Red Hat
|
Ubuntu/Debian
|
HP
|
AIX
| ||
| Checking the passwd file | pwck | pwck | pwck | pwck | pwdck -t ALL usrck -t ALL | Checking the passwd file |
| checking the group file | grpck | grpck | grpck | grpck | grpck | checking the group file |
| console login (allow/deny) | # No reboot required /etc/default/login | # No reboot required /etc/securetty | # No reboot required /etc/securetty | # No reboot required /etc/securetty Note: you may need to create this file if it does not exist | # No reboot required /etc/security/user chsec -f /etc/security/user -s root | console login (allow/deny) |
Solaris
|
Red Hat
|
Ubuntu/Debian
|
HP
|
AIX
| ||
| startup | eeprom setenv boot-device | grub (GUI) lilo (text based) | grub (GUI) | setboot -p <primary path> setboot -a <alternate path> # autoboot sequnce setboot -b [on|off] | bootlist -m normal hdisk0 hdisk1 | startup |
| shutdown | shutdown -i5 -g0 -y (power down) shutdown -i6 -g0 -y (reboot) shutdown -i0 -g0 -y (OK prompt) reboot -- -r (reboot/reconfigure) touch /reconfigure | shutdown -h (halt) shutdown -r (reboot) shutdown -f (fast reboot no fsck) shutdown -F (force fsck) | shutdown -h (halt) shutdown -r (reboot) shutdown -P (power off) touch /forcefsck # edit /etc/default/rcS change below so # you dont have to hang around FSCKFIX=yes | shutdown -h now (halt) shutdown -r now(reboot) | shutdown -F (fast shutdown) shutdown -Fr (fast shutdown and reboot) | shutdown |
| Change run level | halt init poweroff reboot shutdown telinit uadmin | halt init poweroff reboot shutdown telinit | halt init poweroff reboot shutdown telinit | init reboot shutdown | init shutdown reboot telinit halt | Change run level |
| init status 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 | 0 - shutdown 1 - single user 2 - n/a 3 - Multi-user 4 - n/a 5 - power off 6 - reboot # change default vi /etc/inittab | 0 - halt 1 - single user 2 - multiuser (no networking) 3 - multiuser (networking) 4 - unused 5 - GUI 6 - reboot # change default vi /etc/inittab | 0 - halt 1 - single user 2 - multiuser (default) 3 - same as 2 4 - same as 2 5 - same as 2 6 - reboot # change default - change all the telinit vi /etc/event.d/rc-default | 0 - halt 1 - single users 2 - multiuser (networking) 3 - multiuser (networking, NFS, and CDE GUI) (default) 4 - multiuser (netwrking, NFS, and VUE GUI) 5 - n/a 6 - n/a # change default - change the initdefault line vi /etc/inittab | 0 - reserved 1 - reserved 2 - multiuser mode with NFS 3 - user defined 4 - user defined 5 - user defined 6 - user defined 7-9 - user defined # change default - change the initdefault line vi /etc/inittab | init status 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 |
| Startup options | -s single user -a interactive -x no device drivers (used in clustering) -r reconfigure devices -m milestone | single - use grub to edit kernel line emergency - use grub to edit kernel line linux rescue - use at the boot prompt single: runlevel1, local fs mounted, no network emergency: root fs read-only, no init files run rescue: use cd-rom/network, root mounted as /mnt/sysimage | single - use grub to edit kernel line emergency - use grub to edit kernel line linux rescue - use at the boot prompt single: runlevel1, local fs mounted, no network emergency: root fs read-only, no init files run rescue: use cd-rom/network, root mounted as /mnt/sysimage | interact with IPL? Y # single user ISL> hpux -is # Logical volume maintanence mode ISL> hpux -lm # No quroum check ISL> hpux -lq | Based on 9114-275 workstation 1. switch off the machine 2. power on and enter the SMS menu Note: to enter the SMS menu press numeric 1 after the word keyboard but before the word speaker | Startup options |
| startup scripts | /etc/init.d /etc/rc0.d - /etc/rc6.d | /etc/init.d /etc/rc0.d - /etc/rc6.d | /etc/init.d /etc/rc0.d - /etc/rc6.d | /sbin/init.d /etc/rc.config.d (startup config files) /sbin/rc0.d - /sbin/rc6.d | /etc/rc.d /etc/rc.d/init.d /etc/rc.d/rc2.d - rc9.d /etc/rc.* (config files for auto-starting) also uses the System Resource Controller | startup scripts |
| boot prompt commands | boot printenv setenv banner devalias show-devs show-pci-devs-all probe-scsi-all probe-fcal-all probe-pci watch-net-all reset-all | F10 or F12 | F10 or F12 | interact with IPL? Y | Based on a 9114-275 workstation 1. switch off the machine 2. power on and enter the SMS menu Note: to enter the SMS menu press numeric 1 after the word keyboard but before the word speaker | boot prompt commands |
| Boot process | Phases:
| Boot sequence
| Boot sequence
| Phases:
| Phases:
| Boot process |
| determine the run level | who -r | runlevel who -r | runlevel who -r | who -r | who -r | determine the run level |
| obtain default run level | cat /etc/inittab | cat /etc/inittab | /etc/event.d/rc-default | /etc/inittab | /etc/inittab | obtain default run level |
| list locale | locale -a | locale -a | locale -a | locale -a | locale -a | list locale |
| start xwindows | n/a | startx (shorthand of below) initx (lots of parms) | n/a | n/a | start xwindows | |
| initialize system | sys-unconfig | set_parms [initial|hostname|ip_address|timezone] Note: set_parms is in /sbin | install_assist | initialize system | ||
| Timezone | /etc/TIMEZONE /etc/default/init | /etc/sysconfig/clock /usr/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab | /etc/timezone /usr/share/zoneinfo/zone.tab | /etc/TIMEZONE | /etc/environment /etc/profile | Timezone |
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